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Ethiopia
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saved   saved Ayea's TIGblog
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fine and fun
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February 28, 2009 | 1:52 AM Comments  1 comments

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josephbet   josephbet Yoseph's TIGblog
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Some facts about Ethiopia
About this event: The Great Ethiopia Run
Related to country: Ethiopia

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Ethiopia is situated in the horn of Africa and currently has a population of about 79 Million people. It is a country of great contrasts, often stunning, sometimes surprising, and full of ancient culture and a deep religious feeling.

Ethiopia was one of the very first countries to adopt Christianity as a state religion (305 A.D.). Its civilization dates back millennia. The dominant type of Christianity in Ethiopia is Eastern Orthodox with a large Muslim minority. Until 1974, the year of the communist revolution, Ethiopia was ruled by the longest serving Imperial dynasty in the world. In ancient times, Ethiopia with the source of the Blue Nile in the centre of its territory was an important trading partner and actually an extension of Pharaonic Upper Egypt.
In modern times, Ethiopia has had the misfortune of being torn apart twice by brutal foreign power, first by Fascist Italy and then by the Soviet Union. In both cases, acts of genocide were committed by the aggressors, and the economy was torn apart from within, to the benefit of the foreign invaders.
Today, 25 years after the period known as "red terror" when internal wars were fostered, soviet armaments were sold in outrageous quantities and ordinary farmers were recruited to fight and die, Ethiopia is the victim of a generation gap.
This ensued the tragic famines of the '80s and beyond. Furthermore from 1961 to 1991, neighboring Eritrea fought a long war of independence against Ethiopia, which ultimately led to a referendum and peaceful separation in 1993. Through this war, Ethiopia lost access to the strategic and commercially important port of Massawa on the Red Sea.

Another Ertitrean-Ethiopian war took place from 1998 to 2000, forming one of the most dramatic conflicts in the Horn of Africa in the last decades. The two countries - although very poor - spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the war and suffered the loss of tens of thousands of their citizens who were killed or wounded as a direct consequence of the conflict The only result was minor border changes.

Today, Ethiopia is a politically stable country under a Democratic Republic constitution. The current government is positive towards economic regeneration, and sees commerce as a key route to achieve it.

But the situation is still extremely serious:
• "It was said that an estimated three million Ethiopians have been exposed to the disease (HIV/AIDS), with over 600,000 children made orphans and one third of Ethiopia's hospital beds used by carriers of the virus." -Situation Report for Ethiopia April 1999. UN Country Team Ethiopia.
•Malaria is prevalent in 75 per cent of the country, putting over 50 million people at risk. During an average year an estimated 80,000 Ethiopian children die from malaria. During the last major epidemic in 2003 an estimated extra 40,000 people died from malaria. There were also up to 16 million cases of malaria - 6 million more than in an average year.
•The 2006 Horn of Africa food crisis is an acute shortage of food affecting four Horn of Africa countries: Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti and Ethiopia. The United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated on January 6, 2006, that more than 11 million people in these countries may be affected by an impending widespread famine, largely attributed to a severe drought, and exacerbated by military conflicts in the region.





Demographics Source

Population (2005) 77.4 million World Health Organization
Different ethnic groups (2006) 83 USAID
Annual growth rate of population (2006) 2 million Population Action International
Population under 18, in 2004 (2006) 39 million UNICEF
Population in rural areas (2006) 85% USAID
Population in sub-Saharan Africa (2005) Second most populous country World Bank
Population internally displaced by conflict (2005) 168,000 World Health Organization
Average life expectancy (2005) 42 World Bank

Economic Status Source
Rank of development (2006) 99 out of 203 on UNDP Human Poverty Index
Per capita income (2006) Under $100 World Health Organization
Population subsisting below $2/day (2006) Close to 80% World Health Organization
Population below basic needs poverty line (2002) 44% Ethiopian Economic Association, in Haile
Population subsisting food insecure (2005) Over 50% World Bank
Population affected by 2003 drought (2005) 14 million World Bank


Reproductive Health Source

Average births per woman (2004) 6.14 United Nations Population Division
Average number of children, rural areas (2005) 6.4 World Bank
Females giving birth before age 19 (2003) Over 40% Network of Ethiopian Women's Association (NEWA) and Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association
Females using contraceptives (2004) 13% World Bank
Males using contraceptives (2004) 17% World Bank
Rural population using modern contraceptives (2004) 4% World Bank
Women approving family planning (2005) 60% World Bank
Husbands approving family planning (2005) 34% World Bank
Adults wanting family planning services to space or limit childbearing, if available (2001) Over 45% Central Statistical Authority and ORC Macro
Women with access to prenatal care, in 2000 (2005) 27% World Health Organization
Births attended by skilled personnel, from 1996-2004 (2006) 6% UNICEF
Births in health facilities (2005) 5% World Bank
Deaths during childbirth (2006) 850 per 100,00 live births World Health Organization
Deaths from pregnancy-related causes (2000) 1 in 14 women World Health Organization
Deaths from pregnancy & abortion-related causes (2006) 1 in 7 women Population Action Intl.
Deaths from unsafe abortions (2004) 90 per 100,000 live births World Health Organization
Percentage of females seeking abortions who are under age 18 Over 50% PPGG


Primary Health Source

Population with use of adequate sanitation facilities (2005) 15% World Bank
Rural population with use of adequate sanitation facilities, in 2002 (2006) 4% UNICEF
Population with use of improved drinking water sources (2005) 24% World Bank
Population with access to public health facilities (2006) 61.3% USAID
Population more than 10 km (6 miles) from nearest health facility (2006) Over 50% World Health Organization
Physicians per 100,000 people (2006) 3 World Health Organization
Population moderately to severely underweight (2006) 38% World Health Organization
Population stunted (2006) 47% World Health Organization
Population at-risk for malaria (2006) 3.1 million World Health Organization
Women dying from tuberculosis (2006) 96 per 100,000 World Health Organization


HIV/AIDS Source

Country rank of HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa (2005) 5th World Bank
Percentage of HIV/AIDS cases in the world (2005) 7% World Bank
Overall HIV prevalence, adults 15-49, in 2003 (2006) 4.4% of population, or 3 million people WHO
Adults infected weekly (2006) 5,000 World Health Organization
Age group with highest rate of infection 15-24 years; female prevalence 3 times greater than among males USAID in PPGG Fact Sheet
Women living with HIV, 15-49, in 2003 (2006) 770,000 UNICEF
Mother-to-child HIV transmission 2nd highest number of new infections/year USAID in PPGG Fact Sheet
Children dying from AIDS (2005) 1 in 16 World Health Organization
Children orphaned by AIDS, aged 0-17, 2003 estimate (2006) 720,000 UNICEF


FGM Source

Women aged 15-49 with FGM, from 1998-2004 (2006) 80% UNICEF
Girls undergoing FGM Up to 90% United Nations


Women's Status Source

Women marrying before age 18 57% National Committee of Traditional Practices of Ethiopia
Women experiencing rape, in total population (2004) 25% World Bank


Children's Status Source

Newborns dying before age 1, from 1995-2000 (2005) 1 in 10 World Bank
Children dying before age 5, often from preventable diseases, from 1995-2000 (2005) 1 in 6 World Bank
Main causes of early childhood deaths (2005) Diarrhea and pneumonia World Bank
Orphans, 2003 estimate (2006) 4 million UNICEF
Children under age 5 stunted from lack of nutrition (2006) Over 50% USAID


Education Source

Literacy, adults (2005) 41% World Bank
Literacy, women (2006) 26.4% USAID
Primary school attendance, females (2002) 50% Ethiopian Economic Association
Primary school attendance, males (2002) 72% Ethiopian Economic Association
High school attendance, females (2002) 8.5% Ethiopian Economic Association
High school attendance, males (2002) 12% Ethiopian Economic Association


November 20, 2008 | 2:26 AM Comments  0 comments

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nily   nily Lina's TIGblog
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Youth perception on human security in Africa
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic


Human security and stability is one of the most important essences for human beings to develop their human and material condition. Often it’s natural to seek for security after one insures its basic sustenance. It’s with the human security that creativity, industrialization and development enhanced. Moreover, human security has broad base which can affect every human being. Human security have shift the attention from state centered approach to people centered approach in order to ensure the environmental, economic, food and physical security to the human beings in this world. That is, human security issues transcend borders and they are responsibilities of global citizens.
Africa is one of the most insecure continent in our world. There have been number of conflict situations in various parts of the continent. The people of Africa pervasively suffer primarily from the freedom of fear and the freedom of want. That is, there have been various extremely violent situations like civil war, international conflicts caused by ethnic hostility, border dispute, struggle for control of resources and so on. This has made the people in general to be vulnerable even in securing their basic freedom from physical security and attack. The instability and violence coupled with the natural calamities like drought and famine have further deteriorated the human security in the continent.
Different types of human insecurities exist in Africa among those the major ones are; economic, food, political and environmental insecurities.
Economic insecurity; large number of people in Africa especially the youth is economically insecure. That is, they don’t have decent job which can enable them to change their lives and others. Economic insecurity causes with different reasons probably its one of the most difficult challenge that Africa face. One of the reasons is the fact that Africa is unable to compete with other countries in globalized world. The continent has only 2% share in the international trade. And it has been always the price taker instead of being price maker and this is mainly resulted by the fact that majority its people in engaged in producing primary goods in traditional way and there is low level of industrialization. Moreover, the economic performance the continent has been stifled with consequent civil war and corruption. As result economic insecurity has handicapped the people; in gaining access to proper education, health and above all food and shelter which is the basic necessity to make sure the sustenance of the people. consequently, their develops a new sort of view that’s to get rich in short cut which further widespread the practice of corruption, crime and theft. That’s, all the social illness have strong relation with poor economic performance of the continent.
The other one is political insecurity; Africa is one of the most politically unstable continent in our world. It has witnessed number of dictatorial regimes and they have caused an immense human right violations. And there also has been various violent transfer of power in form of coup. These cases can signify that democracy in Africa had only few years and it can take some time to consolidate it. As result most of the regimes are insecure and they would rather build their military capacity and enlarge there administrative wings to stay firm and resist all the challenges While, their citizens are unable to get the basic access. There is also instability in many of the countries in controlling the government power and there exist different factions of militias against the government forces which have further worsen the situation. The people are always caught in fire between these two groups and they obliged to flee to neighboring countries in search of secure and stable places. The struggle for political power has brought discontent and ethnic polarization among the people of Africa in causing spontaneous violences.
Food insecurity: is the other form of insecurity that’s common in Africa. Lack of food security is highly related with the intensity of poverty and its one of its manifestations. And Africa is one of the most impoverished continent in our world. In Africa many of the population resides in rural areas engaging its self in agriculture and these people mainly depend on rain fed agriculture when there is no rain the people suffer from drought situation and that in most cases handled in improper way and results frequent famine. Famines can kill thousands with hunger. All human beings have the right to be protected from freedom from want that includes the right to have three meals in a day and these days even more than war and conflicts its hunger and starvation that kills more people. And Africa is one of the continents that strongly hard hit by extreme hunger. Hence, food insecurity create basic human insecurity.
Environmental insecurity- environmental insecurity is common issue of our globe. The green house effect and the increasing pollution of the air is caused by the developed world but still the number one victims of that’s the African countries. Moreover, the other major pollution is water pollution. And that has been seen widely in many part of the continent and causes different kinds of water born diseases and so many children’s have died as result of polluted water.
In Africa, there is considerable larger number of youth comparing to other continents. This part of the society has been largely affected with the instability. The youth in Africa have been through lots of challenges in midst of insecurity and instability. If the environment were a youth brought up and raised is not healthy and filled with destruction then, it would be very difficult for that youth to be productive and effective. Besides, with the environment where there is lack of economic, health, food, political and physical insecurity hampers the youth from basic access to education and ways to grow and develop their skills. Africa is continent were never lived with in peace without crisis situations which further hinders the continent from using its rich natural resources, threatened the lives of thousands and made the youth to be desperate and think nothing but migration to other countries in illegal and life threatening ways. Lack of human security in African countries witnessed in the Rwanda genocide were thousands has been killed and slaughtered; in Nigeria were the youth has been engaged in group fight over controlling oil resource and which further escalated by the ethnic hostility; in Somalia the youth has been affected in pursuing its own dreams with continuous civil war among different clan groups; in Ethiopia it was the youth which has been the victim with the border dispute with Eritrea; in Congo, Burundi, Seralion and Angola in all of these places there was heavy fighting between the government and other rebel groups and the major participants were the youth. The ones that are relatively stable countries in Africa they have been struggling to ensure the sustenance to their people including the youth. However, mostly their efforts have been undermined by unfair trade and political marginalization of the continent. This further has a cyclic effect to the human security. For instance, if the government fails to address economic and food needs then it can be vulnerable for people to apprise and the security conditions could deteriorate time to time. Hence, the development situation significantly affects the peace and stability of these countries. It’s through once environment a person tends to realize and understand its surrounding. In the environment where there is lots of chaos, violent conflict and war the people can be displaced from their home land and in this course the youth can be destructed in many ways in pursuing continuous education, building its career and being productive.
The youth is part and parcel of the society. And it has huge potential in a development of a country. Lack of human security can be an obstacle for the youth to take part in different developmental activities. The perception of the youth in Africa has its roots in its larger societal values and traditions. It has also affected by colonial indoctrination. That is, the view of humanity and its worth has been undermined in various severe situations like famine and civil war. This situation has developed intolerance, suspicion and hostility among the youth in terms of ethnicity, border dispute and controlling government. And this has been hindrance in having positive attitude about human security. There have been various cases were young children are dispatched to war and kill the opposite party. And there has also been the cases were the youth engage itself in violent demonstrations, riots and illegal activities like bunkering and vandalism. All these are results of continuous war and struggle and the problem of previous generation can transcend to the present generation and it can affect the present youth same way it has affected before. Hence, the fact that Africa has been in to; many war crisis situation and this has imprinted to the present generation and probably its one of the ungrateful things that this generation inherited. On the other side, there are some positive moves from the youth in developing good leadership and tolerance culture to society. There are various attempts by the youth to bring good leadership and governance in the continent by organizing different youth associations and work for greater objective, if these attempts supported and encouraged it can have an enormous influence to inspire and change the youth in particular and the society in general. It’s in healthier and secured environment that these sort of positive activities can grow and bring complete transformation of others. The major stakeholders, including the private sector has to build youth centers, sport academies and studying libraries so that they can develop and enrich their talent and reach their dreams. But what is witnessed in African continent is the continuity of civil strife, war and hunger. These should by no means be an obstacle on the development of youth sense of leadership.







August 28, 2008 | 3:45 PM Comments  0 comments

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nily   nily Lina's TIGblog
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Professional Developmet
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

I beleive involving in different leadership youth activities would enhance the professional capability of the youth in positive manner. These activities can enable the youth to interact with different kinds of people, communcate and monitor different projects. these skills can empower and extend the ownership of the youth in taking part in developmental process and this inreturn can bring professional development in the youth potenial. besides it also help all of us to understand how we are more interconnected and have common problems to solve. the solidarity of the youth has to be strengthend around the world and i would want to play a considerable role in that
tx
bye

August 28, 2008 | 2:48 PM Comments  0 comments

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amare2006   amare2006 amare abebaw's TIGblog
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hi all
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Hi Dear All, grantee and participants of the international AIDS conference, although I was unable to go there because I did not apply I could get the day to day progress of the conference through the GYCA and other international medias. Aleza I did post the blog late from the date because I was out of office.

When I come to my point we have started working selection of children who are going to take part in our program since we have to address different groups the students are comprised from disabled, female and more, we were asking their interest before being included in the project.
Currently we do have recruited all students (30) on wards now we will distribute all necessary materials to deliver it successfully.

One love
Amare

August 15, 2008 | 12:09 PM Comments  0 comments

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amare2006   amare2006 amare abebaw's TIGblog
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progress
Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

progress
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Dear Al

I hope this email finds you in A good health and spirit in this Ethiopian rainy season

I wast to ask you apology that I didn' T submit blog 2 weeks back because I was out off office.

I amndt going to start implementing my project in august that is why my participation in this blog is limited till now I really appreciate the progress off others.

this is what I edge say for today.


meet you after 2 weeks

one coils
Amare


July 30, 2008 | 10:45 AM Comments  0 comments

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